| Powertrain | Transmission and gearbox housings; clutch housings | Enclose and support gears, bearings, and related components | Enables complex shapes, integrated features, and lower component mass than many iron alternatives | Wall thickness, bearing alignment, sealing surfaces, and porosity control |
| Engine accessories | Oil pump housings; timing covers; accessory brackets | Support or protect engine-related mechanisms and attachments | Supports high-volume production of detailed, relatively lightweight components | Operating temperature, dimensional stability, machined interfaces, and fluid sealing |
| Electric drive | Electric motor housings; end shields; drive-unit covers | Enclose the motor and help manage structural and thermal requirements | Aluminium’s thermal conductivity and casting flexibility can support compact housings and integrated features | Concentricity, cooling features, vibration resistance, and sealing |
| Power electronics | Inverter and motor-controller housings; electronic control-unit enclosures | Protect electronic assemblies and provide mounting and heat-transfer surfaces | Complex housings can incorporate ribs, mounting points, and heat-dissipation features | Thermal paths, electromagnetic compatibility requirements, ingress protection, and leak testing |
| Battery systems | Battery-pack covers, trays, and selected structural or cooling components | Enclose, support, or help thermally manage battery modules | Can combine structural features and mounting details while reducing mass | Crash performance, sealing, corrosion protection, joining, and battery thermal-management design |
| Chassis and steering | Steering gear housings; selected suspension and mounting components | House mechanisms or provide attachment points within vehicle systems | Allows near-net-shape production of parts with ribs and integrated mounting features | Load paths, fatigue performance, impact requirements, and verification of critical dimensions |
| Braking and stability control | ABS and electronic stability-control hydraulic unit housings | House hydraulic passages, valves, and control-system interfaces | Supports compact, multi-feature housings with machined fluid connections | Pressure integrity, passage cleanliness, machining accuracy, and leak testing |
| Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning | Compressor housings; selected HVAC motor and actuator housings | Enclose and support components used in cabin climate-control systems | Offers design flexibility for compact housings and integrated mounting details | Pressure or refrigerant compatibility where applicable, sealing, noise, and vibration |