| 1 | Product dimensions and fit | Measure length, width, height, irregular projections, and required clearance in millimetres. | Use internal box dimensions based on the product plus the planned protective space. Avoid excessive empty volume, which increases material use and movement during transport. | Create a dimensioned dieline and perform a physical fit test with the actual product and inserts. |
| 2 | Product weight | Record the packed product weight in kilograms and identify whether the load is concentrated at one point or distributed across the base. | Select a paperboard or corrugated structure whose compression and bending performance exceeds the expected load, including stacking conditions. | Weigh production-intent samples and conduct compression or stacking tests under the expected load conditions. |
| 3 | Fragility and impact sensitivity | Define fragile components, allowable movement, orientation restrictions, and the likely drop or vibration risks in the distribution chain. | Use internal partitions, molded-pulp supports, paper pads, or crumple paper where the product needs separation and cushioning. | Run a drop test using the packed product. Test the faces, edges, and corners because these areas experience different impact conditions. |
| 4 | Material and board structure | Common options include solid bleached board, folding boxboard, recycled paperboard, and corrugated board. Corrugated board uses a fluted layer between liner papers. | Choose folding cartons for lightweight retail products and corrugated boxes when greater stiffness, stacking strength, or distribution protection is required. | Review basis weight, caliper, edge crush strength, burst strength, moisture resistance, and the supplier's test reports. |
| 5 | Moisture and environmental exposure | Identify exposure to rain, condensation, refrigeration, oils, grease, or high humidity. Paper strength can decrease when the material becomes wet. | For dry products, use an uncoated or standard coated paper structure. For moisture-sensitive distribution, consider an appropriate water-resistant treatment and confirm recyclability requirements. | Condition samples at the expected temperature and relative humidity, then test compression, surface integrity, and print quality. |
| 6 | Closure and opening method | Define whether the package needs tuck flaps, locking tabs, adhesive seams, tear strips, or tamper-evident features. | Use friction-lock or tuck closures for many retail cartons. Use reinforced seams or adhesive locking when the box will carry heavier contents or face repeated handling. | Open and close samples repeatedly, measure closure force where relevant, and check whether the package opens without damaging the product. |
| 7 | Printing and information area | Define the required text, symbols, barcode area, color references, legal information, and print surface. Barcodes require sufficient contrast and a quiet zone. | Reserve flat panels for essential information and avoid placing critical text over creases, edges, openings, or heavily textured areas. | Review a production-scale proof and scan the final barcode on multiple samples after printing and finishing. |
| 8 | Storage and transport efficiency | Define the packed box dimensions, boxes per layer, layers per pallet, pallet height, and storage conditions before finalizing the design. | Design a regular footprint that stacks securely and minimizes unused pallet and vehicle space. Keep compression loads aligned through the box structure. | Prepare a pallet pattern and calculate cube utilization. Conduct a stacking test with the planned pallet height and storage duration. |
| 9 | Regulatory and product-contact needs | Identify whether the box touches food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, children’s products, or other regulated goods. Requirements vary by market and product category. | Specify paper, inks, coatings, adhesives, and recycled content according to the applicable product-contact and chemical-safety requirements. | Obtain current material declarations, migration or chemical test documents where applicable, and verify the rules for the destination market. |
| 10 | End-of-life and sustainability goals | Record the target recycled content, number of material types, coatings, laminations, and expected disposal route. Paper recyclability depends on local collection and processing systems. | Prefer fiber-based constructions that avoid unnecessary plastic laminations and complex combinations when they are compatible with performance and local recycling requirements. | Check the complete bill of materials, confirm fiber and coating specifications, and consult the relevant local recycling guidance before making recyclability claims. |